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FUNGSI HUTAN PAYA BAKAU

♠ Posted by amsran in , at 4:58 PG

fungsi hutan paya bakau
fungsi hutan paya bakau

INSTITUT PENYELIDIKAN BIOLOGI TROPIKA PEMULIHARAAN

PENGURUSAN EKOSISTEM

TAJUK : FUNGSI HUTAN PAYA BAKAU



Pengenalan

Paya bakau merupakan ekosistem yang biasanya terdapat di antara kawasan pasang surut dan biasanya kawasan paya bakau ini merupakan kawasan yang berlumpur. Kawasan paya bakau ini merupakan salah satu ekosistem yang terpenting dalam menjaga habitat yang terdapat di kawasan tersebut. Habitat yang banyak tinggal di kawasan paya bakau adalah seperti ikan, ketam, udang dan banyak lagi spesis yang lain kerana kawasan paya terdapat banyak makanan dan sesuai dijadikan sebagai tempat pembiakan spesis tersebut. Kawasan paya bakau yang tidak diterokai mempunyai keseimbangan ekosistem yang baik manakala apabila kawasan paya bakau ini mula terokai maka keseimbangan ekosistem di paya bakau ini akan terganggu dan banyak spesis seperti akan akan berkurangan.

Menurut Pengarah Institut Oseanografi (INOS), Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi (KUSTEM), iaitu Prof. Dr. Mohd. Lokman Hussain, Malaysia memiliki sebanyak 612 580.11 hektar bakau iaitu 341 377 hektar di Sabah, 168 000 di Sarawak dan selebihnya pula iaitu 100 000 hektar terdapat di Semenanjung. Kawasan hutan bakau ini sepatutnya digazet dan menjadikan kawasan ini sebagai hutan simpan demi menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem dan menambiakkan spesis yang tinggal dalam ekosistem paya bakau ini.


Fungsi hutan paya bakau

Hutan paya bakau berfungsi mempengaruhi pergerakan udara atau ribut yang bertiup kencang daripada arah laut yang mampu merosakan harta benda awam dan kadangkala boleh meragut nyawa manusia. kawasan yang mempunyai tumbuh-tumbuhan yang banyak berbanding di kawasan lapang akan menghalang pergerakan atau tiupan angin, jelaslah bahawa kadar kelajuan angin rendah di kawasan yang mempunyai tumbuh-tumbuhan berbanding di kawasan lapang.

Ekosistem hutan paya bakau juga memainkan peranan penting sebagai kawasan yang dapat mengurangkan kesan gelombang ombak dari arah laut, hal ini mula disedari setelah belakunya tsunami pada Disember 2004 yang telah mengorbankan 68 orang di Malaysia dan banyak lagi di Negara lain. Oleh kerana tsunami melanda pantai sebagai sesaran awal, maka bagi mengatasinya kubu atau benting di tepi pantai amatlah penting. Tetapi pembinaan benting di tepi pantai memerlukan kos yang tinggi kerana kebanyakan kawasan daratan dikelilingi oleh lautan. Oleh itu, benting semula jadi seperti hutan paya bakau yang tumbuh di kawasan yang berhampiran laut boleh di manafaat peranannya selain daripada kosnya yang mudah dan murah.

Selain itu, terdapat ciri-ciri yang lain pada hutan paya bakau, seperti memainkan peranan penting dalam memerangkap enapan, ia itu satu proses penambakan secara sembula jadi akibat aktiviti pasang surut air. Menurut beberapa kajian yang dijalankan mendapati bahawa beberapa hutan paya bakau mampu memerangkap enapan untuk menambah ketinggian labih dari 1 sentimeter (cm) menunjukan fungsi hutan paya bakau sebagai eksistem yang boleh membantu negara mengetasi kenaikan aras laut global. Ini dapat dilihat melalui, sistem akar pokok paya bakau yang mampu memerangkap tanih dan lumpur yang telah dihakis.

Hutan paya bakau sebagai sempadan antara laut dengan daratan yang mampu mengurang kadar hakisan yang disebabkan oleh tindakan ombak. Ini dapat dilihat daripada sistem akar pokok bakau sendiri yang mampu memerangkap atau menyerap tenaga ombak yang datang daripada arah laut. Keadaan akar pokok bakau yang bercabang di atas permukaan tanah bukan saja dapat menyerap tenaga ombak ia juga mampu mencengkam permukaan tanah atau rumpur supaya tidak mudah di hakis ombak yang datang dari laut.

Hutan paya bakau ini juga memainkan peranan penting sebagai pelindung, pengawal dan penghasil kepada alam sekitar, hidupan seperti ketam, udang, dan anak ikan dengan menjadikan kawasan paya bakau sebagai tempat perlindungan daripada pemangsa kerana kawasan ini banyak tempat untuk berlindung dan bersembunyi. Disamping itu, hidupan ini juga menjadikan hutan paya bakau sebagai tempat untuk membiak kerana kedaannya yang selamat.

Turut berfungsi sebagai pengawal dan mengimbangi kandungan gas di atmosfera. Selain daripada kawasan hutan yang terdapat di kawasan daratan, pokok paya bakau juga memberi sumbangan dalam membekalkan gas oksigen ke ruang atmosfera. Seperti yang kita tahu melalui proses fotosistesis tumbuh-tumbuhan akan mengunakan gas karbon dioksida dan kemudiannya membebaskan gas oksigen. Proses ini, dapat mengimbangkan kandungan gas karbon dioksida dan oksigen.

Hutan paya bakau dikomersilkan dengan mengeluarkan kayu untuk pembinaan, kayu api dan arang. Pokok paya bakau jenis Rhizophora dan Brugiera sudah lama digunakan sebagai sumber kayu arang. Ia juga digunakan untuk pembinaan bangunan dan membuat bot kerana sifatnya yang tahan dari serangan seranga perosak seperti anai-anai dan tiang rumah kerana kayunya keras serta tahan lama.

Kawasan hutan ini menjadi tempat persinggahan pelbagai spesies burung yang berhijrah dari hemisfera selatan ke utara dan dari utara ke selatan. Ini berlaku kerana apabila berlaku musim sejuk di utara burung ini bergerak ke salatan manalkala apabila selatan sejuk burung ini akan bergerak ke selatan.

hutan bakau juga mempunyai potensi sebagai tarikan eko-pelancongan yang utama. Kawasan hutan paya bakau selalunya menjadi habitat haiwan yang unik contohnya bayau yang menjadi tumpuan pelancong daripada luar Negara dan tempatan. Selain itu, hidupan seperti buaya juga menjadi tumpuan. Pelancong juga datang ke kawasan
ini untuk melihat kelip-kelip pada waktu malam
hutan bakau juga adalah penapis sampah sarap semulajadi. Ini berlaku apabila sampah sarap yang dibawa dari sepanjang sungai ditahan oleh akar-akar pokok bakau dari memasuki laut


RUJUKAN

Gerald J. Bakus et. al. Coral Reef Ecosystems, Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles, USA. A.A Balkema/Rotterdam 1994.

Ismail Ahmad Yaakob Mohd. Jani, Tumbuh-tumbuhan dan Persekitaran, Satu Perspeltif Geografi, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1994.

Abdulah Mohamad Said, Pengurusan Sumber Dan Alam Sekitar, Institut Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 1999.

http://members.tripod.com/~Zulkarnain_Zakaria/bakau.htm

http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~ahmad/tugasan/s3_99/teo.html

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